Bullying Victimization in Children and Adolescents and Its Impact on Academic Outcomes.

ABSTRACT: Bullying victimization has been identified as a significant factor influencing academic outcomes. We sought to evaluate the educational outcomes and psychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents who are victims of bullying using the National Survey of Children's Health dataset for the study. The participants were children and adolescents (age: 6-17 years) categorized into two groups: group 1, not bullied (n = 21,015), and group 2, bullied more than once (n = 21,775). Individuals whose health status was fair or poor have experienced more bullying (2.4% vs. 1.4%, p < 0.001). Individuals in the group 2 were more likely to repeat the grades than the group 1 (7.1% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.039). Individuals who were missing ≥11 school days and sometimes or never engaged in school were observed to be more in the group 2 compared with the group 1 (5.9% vs. 3.2% and 20.3% vs. 10.6%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, bullying victimization could be a risk factor and associated with decreased academic outcomes.

Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Schizophrenia and Other Non-mood Psychotic Disorders: Findings From a Large Inpatient Database in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked with an increased risk of schizophrenia and other non-mood psychotic disorders (psychotic disorders), but the prevalence and contributing factors of these psychiatric conditions post-TBI remain unclear. This study explores this link to identify key risk factors in TBI patients. METHODS: We used the 2017 National Inpatient Sample dataset. Patients with a history of TBI (n = 26 187) were identified and matched 1:1 by age and gender to controls without TBI (n = 26 187). We compared clinical and demographic characteristics between groups. The association between TBI and psychotic disorders was explored using the logistic regression analysis, and results were presented as Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Psychotic disorders were significantly more prevalent in TBI patients (10.9%) vs controls (4.7%) (P < .001). Adjusted odds of psychotic disorders were 2.2 times higher for TBI patients (95% CI 2.05-2.43, P < .001). Male TBI patients had higher psychotic disorders prevalence than females (11.9% vs 8.4%). Younger age, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, personality disorders, and intellectual disability are associated with an increased risk of psychotic disorders in men. CONCLUSION: Our study found that hospitalized TBI patients had 2.2 times higher odds of Schizophrenia non-mood psychotic disorder, indicating an association. This highlights the need for early screening of psychotic disorders and intervention in TBI patients, calling for more research.

Evaluation of Survival Rates of Dental Implants and the Risk Factors: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study.

Introduction The current research sets out to assess implant early survival rates and identify relevant parameters. Methods The research spanned the years 2021 and 2022 and included all individuals who had dental implants. Various criteria, such as age, sex, maxilla/mandible, implant location, immediate implant, implant diameter, implant length, and others, were used to determine the implant survival rate in the research. A multiple logistic regression model was used to show the risk variables for early survival rates of implants, and components with p < 0.05 were further included after the Chi-square test was employed to filter them. Results The current research included 128 patients who had a single implant procedure, including 70 males and 58 females. The early survival rate was 91.40%, and 117 implants were retained after implantation. Risk variables that were shown to be associated with early survival rates were patients aged 30-60 years (OR: 2.542), immediate implant placement (OR: 3.742), and implant length less than 10 mm (OR: 3.972). Conclusions Age, tooth location, implant length, and immediate implantation were risk variables that contributed to our subjects' above 91% early survival rate of implants.

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Presenting With Psychosis-A Case Report.

ABSTRACT: Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a systemic autoimmune disease with features overlapping multiple autoimmune disorders. One study found that over 55% of patients with MCTD experienced neuropsychiatric symptoms, the most common of which was an "aseptic meningitis-like syndrome." We present a case of a 17-year-old adolescent girl presenting with abnormal speech and behavior, auditory hallucinations, and paranoid delusions after an isolated episode of fever. She was treated for her psychotic symptoms but later developed symptoms resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome. An antibody screen revealed elevated anti-U1-ribonucleoprotein antibodies with a possible diagnosis of MCTD. She finally responded to steroid therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MCTD initially presenting with psychosis. A diagnosis of autoimmune disorders should be kept in the differential of similar clinical presentations including connective tissue disorders and autoimmune thyroid conditions.

Mental health outcomes and suicidality in hospitalized transgender adolescents: A propensity score-matched Cross-sectional analysis of the National inpatient sample 2016-2018.

Transgender adolescents have unique mental health needs. This demographic has increased rates of mood disorders, anxiety, and depression compared to their cisgender peers. Large-scale studies focused on mental health outcomes, including suicidality, in the transgender adolescent population remain unknown. This study tries to fill these gaps in the literature. Data for this study was taken from the National Inpatient Sample 2016-2018. Transgender adolescents were identified using the ICD-10 codes related to transsexualism diagnoses. These individuals were compared to adolescents without transsexualism diagnoses. To mitigate imbalances in baseline characteristics, we utilized a 1:2 nearest neighbor propensity score matching with a caliper width of 0.0001, considering variables such as age, year of hospitalization, and psychiatric disorders. Following propensity score matching, the study cohort comprised 2635 transgender and 5270 non-transgender adolescents (Mean age 15.2 years). The transgender group demonstrated a notably higher prevalence of mood disorders (91%) and anxiety disorders (65%). Furthermore, the prevalence of suicidal ideation was significantly higher in the transgender group (52.4% vs. 39.2%, p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of suicide attempts between the groups. After controlling for psychiatric comorbidities, age, and gender, the odds ratio for the composite outcome of suicidal ideation or attempt was 1.99 (95% CI 1.58-2.12, p < 0.001). Our study identifies elevated mood and anxiety disorders and suicidality rates in hospitalized transgender adolescents compared to cisgender peers. Mood disorders notably amplify the risk of suicidal attempts. These findings urgently call for targeted mental health interventions and policy changes to serve this vulnerable population in healthcare settings better.

Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders Among Children and Adolescents in Child Welfare Custody Admitted to the Hospital: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents in child welfare custody admitted to the hospital.Methods: Data were collected from the 2016-2017 National Inpatient Sample of the US population of general hospital admissions. Data for patients aged 12-17 years who were in child welfare custody were obtained using the ICD-10 diagnosis code Z6221: child in welfare custody. The control group comprised patients not in child welfare custody. Groups were compared for demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics.Results: The study group included 879 child welfare patients, of whom 38.9% were male, with a mean age of 14.7 years. The control group comprised 222,494 patients, of whom 41.2% were male, with a mean age of 14.9 years. In the study group, 69.4% of patients had mood disorders compared to 28.6% in the control group. Half of the patients in the study group had anxiety disorders and almost 44% had ADHD and other conduct disorders compared to 19.3% and 14.2%, respectively, in the control group. Prevalence of suicidal ideation/attempt was almost 3 times higher in the study group compared to controls (41.0% vs 14.8%), and 18.3% of study group patients had a substance use disorder compared to 8.3% of controls. Mood disorders were the most common reason for hospitalization (44.8% vs 19.2%), followed by ADHD/other conduct disorders (5.3% vs 1.1%) and anxiety disorders (4.9% vs 0.9%).Conclusions: Children and adolescents in the child welfare system are associated with a higher risk of mental health problems. More studies are needed to identify the factors that contribute to psychiatric comorbidities in this population and to determine and address the factors that can prevent mental health issues.Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2023;25(6):22m03238. Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.

Assessment of the Effect of Phototherapy and PRP on the Immediate Implants: An Original Research.

Immediate implants have been gaining popularity in recent times. There are many adjuvant techniques that are followed before implant placement, which have recently shown hopeful results. For this reason, the current comparative study analyzes the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and photofunctionalization (PF) at a tertiary care dental hospital. In the current clinical trial, 30 subjects were grouped equally to receive immediate dental implants, with one group in which pretreatment of the extraction site was done with the auto-PRP and PF, while the control group received no pretreatment. For 12 months after the placement of the implant, the subjects were observed for alterations in the parameters. The variables analyzed were survival, esthetics, biological integration, and finally the success of the implants in each group. Values were noted and compared using the appropriate statistical tools, while keeping the level of significance at P < 0.05. For the variables of esthetics and survival, no substantial differences were observed in the PRP and PF groups. There was no difference between these experimental groups and the control group. However, there were significant differences for the biological variable as there was more marginal bone loss in the experimental groups. On the whole, the success was greater for the experimental groups than the control group, though not significant. The pretreatment protocols using PRP and PF have shown to improve some characteristics of the immediate implants in the anterior regions. However, further studies are suggested.

Role of Minocycline as an Adjunct Neuroinflammatory Modulator in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety evidence for adjunct minocycline in treatment-resistant depression (TRD).Data Sources: In this systematic review, PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to October 2022. The following keywords were utilized in the search: "depression" AND "minocycline" AND "treatment, pharmacological intervention, management." Medical Subject Heading terms for "minocycline" and "depression, depressive disorder, treatment-resistant," and "disease management" were also used. Relevant peer-reviewed, English-language articles that included adults and children were selected for final evaluation.Study Selection: Two authors independently searched and selected 1,004 relevant articles. Only randomized controlled trials were considered. Five articles were identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria.Data Extraction: The PICO algorithm (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study Design) framework was utilized, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria guidelines were followed. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to categorize the included study as a low, unclear, or high risk of bias.Results: Minocycline as an adjunct immunomodulator shows inconsistent benefit in TRD. Minocycline has some beneficial effect on depression scale scores and inflammatory markers in TRD patients with inflammatory disequilibrium (C-reactive protein elevation exceeds 3 mg/L). However, minocycline showed an inconclusive effect in TRD with no clear immunologic dysregulation. Minocycline might have a neuroprotective, rather than therapeutic, effect at a small dose.Conclusions: The results were inconsistent regarding the clinical and neuroprotective role of minocycline in TRD. More study is needed to clarify the pathophysiologic and clinical role of minocycline as an immunomodulator in TRD.Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2023;25(5):22r03467. Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.

Comparative Evaluation of the Rigidity and Accuracy of Different Elastomeric Impression Materials with Open Tray Implant Level Impression Technique-An In vitro Study.

Introduction: An implant-supported prosthesis requires a precise imprint to provide a good fit. It has been suggested that for implant/abutment level impressions, both the indirect (closed tray) and direct (open tray) methods are effective in achieving a passively fitting prosthesis. Aim: With an open plate embed level impression technique, this in vitro investigation set out to evaluate three different elastomeric imprint materials for their relative rigidity and precision. Materials and Methods: Sixty bespoke trays were created. Part I (rotational opposition assessment) of the investigation included selecting 30 uniquely shaped plates at random and using them to create embed-level open plate engraves. The second part of this investigation (evaluation of rotational discrepancy and vertical inconsistency) used open plate embed level impressions generated with the remaining thirty individualized plates to evaluate how well these materials recreated the patient's impressions. Result: Within the bounds of the current investigation, vinylpolysiloxane had the highest degree of stiffness among the impression materials examined in comparison to polyether and vinylsiloxanether, as seen by its much greater rotational resistance to torquing. A rotational discrepancy was shown to be much lower in polyether open tray implant level impressions compared to vinylpolysiloxane and comparable to vinylsiloxane. Conclusion: In this investigation, the firmest impression medium was vinylpolysiloxane, followed by polyether and vinylsiloxanether for taking imprints of implants. Polyether material, however, was more precise than vinylpolysiloxane and vinylsiloxanether.

Implications of ChatGPT in Public Health Dentistry: A Systematic Review.

An artificial intelligence (AI) program called ChatGPT that generates text in response to typed commands has proven to be highly popular, as evidenced by the fact that OpenAI makes it available online. The goal of the present investigation was to investigate ChatGPT's potential applications as an outstanding instance of large language models (LLMs) in the fields of public dental health schooling, writing for academic use, research in public dental health, and clinical practice in public dental health based on the available data. Importantly, the goals of the current review included locating any drawbacks and issues that might be connected to using ChatGPT in the previously mentioned contexts in healthcare settings. Using search phrases including chatGPT, implications, artificial intelligence (AI), public health dentistry, public health, practice in public health dentistry, education in public health dentistry, academic writing in public health dentistry, etc., a thorough search was carried out on the Pubmed database, the Embase database, the Ovid database, the Global Health database, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science. The dates of publication were not restricted. Systematic searches were carried out for all publications according to inclusion and exclusion criteria between March 31, 2018, and March 31, 2023. Eighty-four papers were obtained through a literature search using search terms. Sixteen similar and duplicate papers were excluded and 68 distinct articles were initially selected. Thirty-three articles were excluded after reviewing abstracts and titles. Thirty-five papers were selected, for which full text was managed. Four extra papers were found manually from references. Thirty-nine articles with full texts were eligible for the study. Eighteen inadequate articles are excluded from the final 21 studies that were finally selected for systemic review. According to previously published studies, ChatGPT has demonstrated its effectiveness in helping scholars with the authoring of scientific research and dental studies. If the right structures are created, ChatGPT can offer suitable responses and more time to concentrate on the phase of experimentation for scientists. Risks include prejudice in the training data, undervaluing human skills, the possibility of fraud in science, as well as legal and reproducibility concerns. It was concluded that practice considering ChatGPT's potential significance, the research's uniqueness, and the premise-the activity of the human brain-remains. While there is no question about the superiority of incorporating ChatGPT into the practice of public health dentistry, it does not, in any way, take the place of a dentist since clinical practice involves more than just making diagnoses; it also involves relating to clinical findings and providing individualized patient care. Even though AI can be useful in a number of ways, a dentist must ultimately make the decision because dentistry is a field that involves several disciplines.

A Clinical Study of 50 Partially Edentulous Patients with Fixed Partial Denture Restorations to Compare Clinical Parameters and Changes in Gingival Sulcus Width After Displacement with 2 Different Gingival Retraction Cord Materials (Cotton and Polymer).

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to compare the clinical performance and gingival sulcus width changes in partially edentulous patients using cotton and polymer gingival retraction cords. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty partially edentulous patients were divided into 2 groups (Gp C and Gp P) and were subjected to single crown/fixed partial denture treatment. Clinical parameters, including plaque index scores, placement time, and hemorrhage control scores, were assessed. Gingival sulcus width changes before and after retraction were evaluated using individual type 4 dental stone dies observed under an optical microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using dependent/independent t tests. RESULTS The mean placement time, hemorrhage control time, and hemorrhagic scores were lower in Gp P than in Gp C, indicating better clinical performance of polymer-based retraction cord. Both groups showed an increase in sulcus width after retraction, but Gp P had a significantly higher sulcus width (690.03±45.37) compared to Gp C (471.38±28.13). The mean difference in sulcus width between baseline and after retraction was also significantly higher in Gp P (525.84 micrometers) than in Gp C (309.11 micrometers). CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that polymer-based cords produce more sulcus width and have better clinical performance compared to cotton-based gingival retraction cords. These results suggest that the use of polymer-based retraction cords can improve the quality of dental impressions in partially edentulous patients.

A Study of 42 Partially Edentulous Patients with Single-Crown Restorations and Implants to Compare Bone Loss Between Crestal and Subcrestal Endosseous Implant Placement.

BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of dental implant placement at different bone levels upon the resultant postoperative peri-implant bone loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-two partially edentulous patients seeking implant-supported single-crown restorations were screened followed by segregation into 2 groups (GP), GP E (equicrestal) and GP S (subcrestal) (n=21 each). Sixty endosseous implants (30 each) (Adin Tourage-S, Israel), size 3.5/8 and 4/10 mm for mandibles, were placed using a 2-stage surgical procedure. At 4 to 6 months, straight abutments were attached followed by restoration (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany). Crestal bone levels (mesial/distal) of implant fixtures were assessed at 5 time intervals (after surgery, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months) using digital radiography. Means and standard deviations were calculated, following which the differences were statistically analyzed using ANOVA at P value of <0.05. RESULTS The mean annual bone loss for GP S (1.96 mm) was higher than GP E (1.10 mm). At all studied time intervals, the bone loss for implants in GP S was higher than in GP E (P<0.05). Between time intervals, lowest bone loss was observed on the distal side in GP E (0.11 mm/6-9 month) and the highest bone loss was observed on the distal side of GP S (0.6 mm/9-12 month). Differences in the means between the 2 groups on mesial and distal sides were statistically significant at all time intervals (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Subcrestal implant placement was associated with more bone loss than when implants are placed at the crestal level.

Impact of Paternal Depression on Child Neurodevelopmental Outcomes and Disorders.

Objective: To explore paternal depression (before, during, and after pregnancy) and its association with neurodevelopmental disorders in children.Data Sources: A systematic, English-language review was conducted in PubMed, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews, and SciELO. All relevant literature published from inception to March 31, 2021, was included. The MeSH terms used in the search included paternal behavior, fathers, or father-child relations in the context of depression, postpartum depression, and neurodevelopmental disorders.Data Extraction: The PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design) tool was used to enhance reporting of the findings. Twenty-six articles were included in the review.Results: Paternal depression during the perinatal period resembles maternal perinatal depression. Early paternal depression has considerable emotional, behavioral, and developmental impacts on their children. Genetic endowment and environmental factors induced by paternal depression-related behaviors may lead to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.Conclusions and Relevance: The findings suggest that paternal depression negatively influences neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring.

Sexual Abuse and Its Impact on Suicidal Ideation and Attempts and Psychiatric Illness in Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Objective: Sexual abuse in minors aged 6-17 years is a significant public health concern. Victims of sexual abuse are at risk of developing complex psychopathology and chronic suicidal thoughts. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in one-third of minors with a history of sexual abuse. The primary objective of this study was to assess the baseline characteristics of minors with PTSD and a history of sexual abuse (PTSD+S) compared with minors with PTSD without sexual abuse (PTSD only). The secondary objective was to evaluate the psychiatric comorbidities and suicidal ideation/attempts between the groups.Methods: The National Inpatient Sample database from 2006 to 2014 was analyzed using the ICD-9 code for PTSD and history of sexual abuse. PTSD+S (n = 251) subjects were compared with those with PTSD only (n = 24,243) using t test and χ2 test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation/attempt) as the outcome and PTSD with and without sexual abuse, sex, age, and other psychiatric comorbid conditions as independent variables.Results: More patients in the PTSD+S group were nonwhite (52% vs 42%, P < .001) and female (81% vs 66%, P < .001) compared to PTSD only patients. Also, more patients were Hispanic in the PTSD+S group compared to the PTSD only group (28% vs 13%). Major depressive disorder (MDD; 23% vs 14%, P < .001) and substance use disorder (SUD; 20% vs 11%) were more commonly diagnosed psychiatric comorbidities in the PTSD+S group (P < .001). Suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation/attempt) was higher in the PTSD+S group than in PTSD only patients (36% vs 30%, P = .05). Overall, the risk of suicidal behavior was 29% higher in the PTSD+S group than in PTSD only patients (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29, P = .05). In the multivariate analysis, after controlling for age and sex, comorbid diagnosis of MDD (OR = 1.66, P < .001) and SUD (OR = 1.18, P < .001) was associated with increased suicidal behavior. However, PTSD+S showed no association with suicidality (OR = 1.16, P = .29) in the multivariate analysis.Conclusions: Sexual abuse is associated with PTSD and higher risk of comorbid psychiatric illnesses, including MDD, SUD, and suicidal behavior. In-depth research on the relationship between child and adolescent sexual abuse and chronic suicidality is warranted.

Suicide Risk Among Adolescents With ADHD: An Overview From the National Inpatient Sample Data Set.

ABSTRACT: Studies have shown an association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and suicide; however, it has not been studied from inpatient hospitalization data among adolescents. For this study, data from the National Inpatient Sample data set were used. Based on the diagnosis of ADHD, the patient sample was stratified into two groups. Study group was composed of patients with ADHD, and control group was selected by propensity score matching (1:1), which composed of patients without ADHD. The primary outcome was suicidal ideation/attempt between the groups. Prevalence of SI was 25.1% in patients with ADHD versus 10.3% among patients without ADHD. Prevalence of SA was also very high (8.0% vs 3.9%) among patient with ADHD compared with non-ADHD group. After controlling for covariates, ADHD was a strong predictor of suicidal ideation/attempt with an odds ratio of 2.18. It is important to screen for suicidality in patient with ADHD given the high prevalence of suicidality.